Русский
Possibilities of prevention and pathogenetic therapy of a new coronavirus infection
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2022.12.2.70-6
Ponezheva Zh.B., Grishaeva A.A., Burdakova E.A., Makashova V.V., Astrina O.S., Usenko D.V.
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Objective. To estimate the efficacy of the immunomodulator aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium (galavit) for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Subjects and methods. The investigation was conducted in 2 stages. At Stage 1, a total of 115 healthcare workers were followed up for 1 month. A study group (n = 68) took aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium (galavit) as a prophylactic drug; a comparison group (n = 47) did not receive the drug. Weekly PCR assay of nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs could determine the timing of SARS-CoV-2 infection, depending on the prophylactic cycle. At Stage 2, to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of the drug, a follow-up was made in 76 healthcare workers who were on outpatient treatment with a laboratorially confirmed diagnosis of moderate COVID-19, of whom 46 patients (a study group) had Galavit in the combination therapy and 30 (a comparison group) received standard therapy. The serum levels of IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IFN-α in novel coronavirus infection (NCI) were studied.
Results. During the follow-up period at Stage 1, there were 14 (20.5%) and 22 (46.8%) persons were infected in the study and comparison groups, respectively. The asymptomatic and mild courses of the infection were observed in 10 (71.4%) patients of the study group); its mild course was seen in 4 (18.1%) patients of the comparison group. At Stage 2 of the investigation, the study group patients with NCI were recorded to have a statistically significant (p < 0.01) stabilization of cytokines, normalization of laboratory inflammatory markers and complete blood cell counts, and a more obvious regression of lung damage, as evidenced by chest CT.
Conclusion. The preventive therapy cycle with aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium showed a pronounced effect of the drug in reducing the risk of infection and preventing severe NCI. Immunomodulatory therapy with aminodihydrophthalazinedione sodium that has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects is accompanied by the early relief of clinical symptoms of NCI, normalization of laboratory data, and significant stabilization of cytokine system parameters.
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About the Autors
Zhanna B. Ponezheva, MD, Leading Researcher, Head, Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; doktorim@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6539-4878
Antonina A. Grishaeva, Junior Researcher, Clinical Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; antoninagrishaeva@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-9274
Elizaveta A. Burdakova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Infectious Diseases, Education Center, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Infectiologist, Kommunarka Moscow Multisectoral Clinical Center, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; elisobol@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6729-677Х
Рrofessor Vera V. Makashova, Senior Researcher, Clinical Department of infectious Diseases, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; veramakashova@yandex.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0982-3527
Olga S. Astrina, Senior Researcher, Clinical Department of Infectious Pathology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; o.astrina@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3820-2586
Denis V. Usenko, Leading Researcher, Clinical Division of Infectious Disorders, Head of the Educational Center, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of the Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being , Moscow, Russia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5232-7337
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