Analysis of the results of monitoring the pathogens of acute respiratory viral infection, influenza, and COVID-19 in asymptomatic individuals


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2023.13.2.63-9

Mamoshina M.V., Yatsyshina S.B., Akimkin V.G.

Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Objective. To monitor the circulation of pathogens of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs), influenza, and COVID-19 among people without symptoms of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in different age groups and to identify the features of the epidemic process by monitoring their pathogens on a weekly basis.
Subjects and methods. The results of monitoring the pathogens of ARVIs, influenza, and COVID-19 were analyzed in individuals without symptoms of ARIS in January 2021 to August 2022. Smears from the naso- and oro-pharynx were tested by a PCR assay. The data were statistically processed using the MedCalc. program.
Results. A total of 273,846 people who had no symptoms of ARI were examined; 16,665 (6.09%) had positive results of them with a positive result (6.09%). In the structure of the detected viruses, Rhinovruses (46%) predominate; there were SARs-COV-2 (15%), human coronaviruses (229E, OC43, HKUI, and NL63) (12%); the proportion of the rest was 0.05 to 9%.
Conclusion. Differences were established in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus in the age groups. The data were obtained, which indicated the presence of the asymptomatic transient carriage of ARVI pathogens during the increased morbidity period characteristic for rhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus in age groups have been established. The data were obtained, which indicated the presence of asymptomatic transient carriage of ARVI pathogens during the increased morbidity period characteristic for orhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-2, and epidemic human coronaviruses. A direct average correlation was found between the infection of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic individuals and the incidence of COVID-19. Differences were established in the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 and rhinovirus in age groups have been established. Data were obtained, which suggest that there is an asymptomatic transient carriage of ARVI pathogens during the increased morbidity period characteristic for rhinoviruses, SARS-CoV-2 and epidemic human coronaviruses. A direct average correlation was found between the infection of SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic individuals and the incidence of COVID-19.
Keywords: asymptomatic course, COVID-19, PCR, acute respiratory viral infections
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About the Autors

Marina V. Mamoshina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; mamoshina@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-7807
Svetlana B. Yatsyshina, Cand. Biol. Sci.; Head, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; svetlana.yatsyshina@pcr.ms; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-941X
Professor Vasily G. Akimkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Director, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; akimkin@pcr.ms; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044


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