Русский
Analysis of the prevalence and genetic diversity of human respiratory syncytial virus in the period from 2021 to 2024
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2025.15.1.90-97
Yatsyshina S.B., Mamoshina M.V., Elkina M.A., Streltsova S.Yu., Bulanenko V.P., Pika M.I., Akimkin V.G.
Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia
Materials and methods. The analysis of summary data of selective laboratory studies in the weekly dynamics of biomaterial of 4,667,302 patients with acute respiratory infection from 89 regions of Russia was carried out. Children under 6 years of age accounted for 38.5% of the total number of examined patients. Differentiation of RSV-A and RSV-B was carried out using the developed method of amplification of the G gene with real-time detection. The coding region of the RSV G gene was sequenced by the Sanger method for 32 samples of viral RNA detected in different epidemic seasons in patients in Moscow. The nucleotide sequences were deposited in the Russian VGARus (Virus Genome Aggregator of Russia) database and the international GISAID database. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA7 program by the TN93+G algorithm, bootstrap 1000.
Results. The highest frequency of RSV detection in all seasons was recorded in infants and, in aggregate, in young children, the lowest – in individuals aged 16–25 and 26–64 years. Over the years of follow-up, RSV has been detected year-round with periods of rise and decline. In individuals over 65 years old, RSV was detected more often than in the group of individuals aged 26-64 years. In the 2021–2022 season, there were no clearly defined peaks; RSV-A, clydes A.D.3 and A.D.5.1 circulated. In the post-pandemic season of 2022–2023, as well as in Europe, an increase in the incidence of RSV infection was noted in the autumn months. At this time, there was a change in the circulation of RSV-A to RSV-B (clyde B.D.E.1). In the 2023-2024 season. a shift in the incidence rate to the winter period with a sharp jump of more than 2 times at the peak (week 9, 2024) was noted, which was associated with the emergence of RSV-A and, apparently, its genetic variant A.D.5.2, which was new to Russia, with the preservation of previously circulating antigenic variants of subtype A (A.D.1, A.D.3) and subtype B (B.D.E.1).
Conclusion. The developed protocol for differentiating the RSV-A and RSV-B subtypes does not require labor-intensive virological studies and can be proposed to improve the epidemiological surveillance of RSV infection. During the follow-up period, RSV was detected year-round, against this background, 2 sharp peaks in the incidence of RSV infection were noted, which, as our study showed, were associated with the alternation in circulation of RSV-B and RSV-A and the emergence of new genetic variants that are not endemic, but have also been detected in other countries of the world. Similar to influenza viruses, RSV evolution is a global process of spreading genetic variants around the world, so a single immunization strategy can be used to prevent severe infection in risk groups.
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About the Autors
Svetlana B. Yatsyshina, Cand. Biol. Sci., Head, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; svetlana.yatsyshina@pcr.ms; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-941X
Marina V. Mamoshina, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; mamoshina@cmd. su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1419-7807
Maria A. Elkina, Researcher, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; melkina@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-6781
Svetlana Yu. Streltsova, Laboratory Researcher, Laboratory for the Molecular Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Respiratory Tract Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; klementeva@cmd su; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5738-6332
Victoria P. Bulanenko, Researcher, Laboratory for the Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; bulanenko@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7055-1762
Maria I. Pika, Junior Researcher, Laboratory for the Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; m.zotova@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3279-6811
Professor Vasily G. Akimkin, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Director, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection, and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; crie@pcr.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4228-9044
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