Objective. To assess the microbial landscape structure in the units of the V.A. Baranov Republican Hospital and to specify the susceptibility of pathogens to antimicrobial agents.
Materials and methods. The investigators assessed the results of microbiological assays of biomaterials (blood, sputum, urine, and wound discharge), which had been performed for 7 months (from April to November 2015) and the spectrum of pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility in all hospital units. The studies were conducted for 4 months in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Republican Infectious Diseases Hospital, where microflora was obtained from 298 patients (no data on the number of negative results) and in the Citylab laboratory (Saint Petersburg) for 3 months. During 3 months, there were 552 studies, 367(66.48%) of them identified the microflora. The disk-diffusion test was used.
Results. The microflora is more often examined in the surgery units; more resistant pathogens are noted in the anesthesiology and intensive care units; the gram-negative pathogens are susceptible to carbapenems in 100% of cases in the urology and surgery units; Staphylococcus aureus prevails in the trauma unit; methicillin-sensitive strains were obtained in the majority of patients with community-acquired infection.
Conclusion. Consideration of the local landscape, timely microbiological diagnosis, and adequate antimicrobial therapy are needed to decline the number of multidrug-resistant strains of pathogens, to reduce the costs of treating nosocomial infections, and to improve the prognosis for patients.

Keywords: microbiological assays, antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial therapy, nosocomial infections