The relationship between the clinical course of tropical malaria and the structural features of the Plasmodium falciparum genome


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2020.10.1.67-74

Solovyev A.I., Uskov A.N., Gudkov R.V., Dementyeva N.V., Kapatsina V.A., Komarov A.G., Krutikova A.A., Kovalenko A.N., Laskin A.V., Rakin A.I.

1) S.M.Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; 2) Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Federal Biomedical Agency, Saint Petersburg, Russia; 3) Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, All-Russian Research Institute for Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding (Branch, L.K. Ernst Federal Research Center for Animal Husbandry), Saint Petersburg, Russia; 4) S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Objective. To study the genotypic characteristics of Plasmodium falciparum that causes tropical malaria complicated by hemolytic anemia.
Materials and methods. Two tropical malaria cases identified in Saint Petersburg hospitals in 2018 served as a material for clinical observations. In one case, the disease was severe and accompanied by the development of severe anemia; in the other case, it was uncomplicated. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for the investigation. The investigators used primers for the marker nucleotide sequences of the major virulence factor in P. falciparum (Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PFEMP1)), encoding the structure of DBL1α, DBLß, CIDR1α domains.
Results. It was shown that in severe tropical malaria accompanied by the development of hemolytic anemia, the genetic markers of PFEMP1, which corresponded to the DBL1α and DBLß domains, were identified in the patient’s blood. In uncomplicated tropical malaria, these genetic markers were absent. It was suggested that there might be a relationship between the features of the P. falciparum genome and the clinical course of tropical malaria. The specific nucleotide sequences of the P. falciparum genome encoding the DBL1α and DBLß domains of PFEMP1 are early predictors for the severe course of the disease.
Conclusion. Detection of appropriate genetic markers in the blood of patients can be used in clinical practice to predict the development of tropical malaria.
Keywords: major virulence factor, molecular and genetic diagnosis, malaria, PfEMP1, P. falciparum, pathogenesis, genome
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About the Autors

Alexey I. Solovyev, MD, Professor, Department of Biology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical  Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: solopiter@gmail.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3731-1756
Prof. Aleksandr N. Uskov, MD, Deputy Director for Research, (Development and Coordination of National and International Projects), Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: aouskov@gmail.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3185-516X
Roman V. Gudkov, Cand. Med. Sci., Lecturer, Department of Infectious Diseases (with Course of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: gudkoff@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-0479
Natalia V. Dementeva, Cand. Biol. Sci., Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, All-Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding (Branch, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry), Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: dementevan@mail.ru
Vladimir A. Kapatsina, Head, Department, S.P. Botkin Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: ingashi@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8959-0873
Artem G. Komarov, Senior Laboratory Assistant, Department of Biology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: qwer.xo@mail.ru
Anna A. Krutikova, Cand. Biol. Sci., Researcher, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, All-Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding (Branch, L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry), Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: anntim2575@mail.ru
Aleksandr N. Kovalenko, MD, Рrofessor, Department of Infectious Diseases (with Course of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: 9268754@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2976-8051
Aleksandr V. Laskin, Cand. Med. Sci., Lecturer, Department of Infectious Diseases (with Course of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Diseases), S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: lar_vma@mail.ru
Aleksandr I. Rakin, Lecturer, Department of Biology, S.M. Kirov Military Medical  Academy, Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: rakinalex@gmail.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9085-1287


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