Herd immunity and pathomorphism of tick-borne viral encephalitis under the conditions of a megalopolis


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2019.9.4.20-7

Bykov I.P., Sergeev A.G., Toporkova M.G., Mishchenko V.A., Zadorozhnaya I.A., Shlykova G.I.

1) Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Yekaterinburg, Russia; 2) Novaya Bolnitsa (New Hospital), Yekaterinburg, Russia; 3) Institute of Animal and Plant Ecology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Science, Yekaterinburg, Russia
Background. The incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) among the inhabitants of a megalopolis (Yekaterinburg) exceeds the regionwide average. In this situation, a specific significance is assumed by studies of herd and postvaccination immunity according to the degree of endemicity in the region, seasonality, the extent of specific prophylaxis, and the population’s immune status in relation to the risk for and the clinical polymorphism of TBVE during vaccination and emergency immunoprophylaxis.
Materials and methods. Cohort studies of the immunological structure of Yekaterinburg donors without data on TBVE vaccinations were conducted before and after the 2017 TBVE epidemic season [May (n = 189) and October (n = 297)]. To study the clinical efficiency of vaccination and emergency seroprophylaxis of TBVE, a total of 795 patients with its verified diagnosis from the Novaya Bolnitsa were examined in the period 2006-2016.
Results. In the spring, antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in a protective titer of 1:100 or more were found in 66.7% of the examinees. In the autumn, the number of samples with an antibody level of more than 1:100 and ≥ 1:400 showed 1.2- and 1.4-fold increases, respectively.
Conclusion. It is necessary to further study the mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility of the population to TBEV with a high level of natural immunization during mass vaccination.
Keywords: endemic region, seroprophylaxis, tick-borne viral encephalitis, herd immunity, vaccination, incidence
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About the Autors

Ivan P. Bykov, Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Infections and Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: i.p.bykov@mail.ru; ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0002-5157-646X
Prof. Alexandr G. Sergeev, MD, Chef Researcher, Head, Department for Indication and Diagnosis of Viral Infections, Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: aldr131250@yandex.ru; ORCID: http://orcid. org/0000-0002-5784-8673
Marina G. Toporkova, Cand. Med. Sci., Head, Neurology Unit, Novaya Bolnitsa (New Hospital), Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: m.toporkova@newhospital.ru
Vladimir A. Mishchenko, Researcher, Acting Head, Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Infections and Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; First Class Engineer, Laboratory of Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Animal and Plant Ecology, Ural Department, Russian Academy of Science. Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: innamoramento23@yandex.ru; ORCID: https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-4280-283X
Irina A. Zadorozhnaya, Researcher, Laboratory of Vector-Borne Viral Infections and Tick-Borne Encephalitis, Yekaterinburg Research Institute of Viral Infections, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: zadorojnaya_ia@eniivi.ru
Galina I. Shlykova, Head, Laboratory of Clinical Diagnostic, Novaya Bolnitsa (New Hospital), Yekaterinburg, Russia; e-mail: g.shlykova@newhospital.ru


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