The social and economic burdens of HIV in the Russian Federation


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2022.12.3.19-25

Avksentiev N.A., Makarov A.S., Makarova Yu.V., Pazukhina E.M., Sisigina N.N., Feoktistova O.A. Zaitseva E.E., Kuznetsov S.D., Pace A., Saitkulov K.I.

1) Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2) Institute of Applied Economic Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia; 3) Interregional Public Organization «Association of Clinical Pharmacologists», Volgograd, Russia; 4) GlasgoSmithKlein Trading, Moscow, Russia; 5) ViiV Healthcare, Brentford, United Kingdom
Despite the measures taken to fight the HIV infection epidemic, the incidence, prevalence, and mortality rates of the disease in Russia are higher than those in other countries of Eastern and Central Europe. This leads to negative consequences that go beyond the healthcare system and retards the further socioeconomic development of our country.
Objective. To estimate the social and economic burdens of the spread of HIV infection in Russia.
Materials and methods. When estimating the burden, the negative effects and costs associated with the spread of HIV infection in Russia as of 2019 were taken into account. The social burden of HIV infection was measured by the contribution of the disease to increased mortality rates, decreased life expectancy at birth, by fertility, natality, and population size. To estimate the burden, a difference was calculated between the actual values ​​of the 2019 indicators and the hypothetical scenario proposing that there was no spread of HIV in Russia. To quantify the economic burden, allowance was made for the direct state medical costs of screening for, diagnosis, and treatment of HIV infection, including antiretroviral therapy expenditures; for direct non-medical costs for the payment of pensions and disability benefits, as well as for indirect costs as the lost output of goods and services due to premature mortality and disability.
Results. As of 2019, the spread of HIV infection in Russia resulted in additional 19,941 deaths and declined birth rates by 5,845 children. Life expectancy at birth became lower by 0.31 years. The negative contribution of HIV infection to the natural growth of population was 25,786 persons whereas that to the average annual population size was 12,893. The total economic burden of HIV infection was estimated at 220.1 billion rubles, or about 0.2% of GDP. Indirect economic costs made up the bulk of the expenses (172.7 billion rubles, or 78.4%). The second component of the expenses was direct medical costs (34.6 billion rubles, or 15.7%).
Conclusion. The obtained estimates of the social aeconomic burden of HIV infection in Russia are significant, which requires the improvement of measures to fight this disease.
Keywords: social burden, economic burden, HIV infection
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About the Autors

Nikolai A. Avksentiev, Advisor to the Director; Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia; Researcher, Institute of Applied Economic Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia; na@nifi.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2686-1330
Aleksandr S. Makarov, Consultant, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia, Moscow; Researcher, Interregional Public Organization «Association of Clinical Pharmacologists», Volgograd, Russia; alex@makarov.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0723-6011
Yulia V. Makarova, Cand. Economic Sci., Senior Researcher, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia, Moscow, Russia; makarova@nifi.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-8175
Ekaterina M. Pazukhina, Junior Researcher, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia; Junior Researcher, Institute of Applied Economic Research, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia; epazukhina@nifi.ru; https://orcid.org/ORCID ID 0000-0001-9379-0475
Natalya N. Sisigina, Junior Researcher, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia; Researcher, Moscow, Russia; sisigina@nifi.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9130-2343
Olesya A. Feoktistova, Head, Center for Social Sphere Finance, Financial Research Institute, Ministry of Finance of Russia, Moscow, Russia; feoktistova@nifi.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8169-0475
Elena E. Zaitseva, Healthcare and Patient Relations Manager, GlasgoSmithKlein Trading, Moscow, Russia; elena.x.zaytseva@gsk.com
Sergey D. Kuznetsov, Candidate of Medical Sciences, Medical Research Expert, GlaxoSmithKlein Trading, Moscow, Russia; sergey.d.kuznetsov@ viivhealthcare.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5058-3676
Alistair Pace, Strategy and Implementation Supervisor, Medical Department, ViiV Healthcare, Brentford, UK, 980 Great West Road, Brentford, Middlesex TW8 9GS UK
Kamil I. Saitkulov, Head, Office of Communications and Government Relations, GlaxoSmithKlein Trading, Moscow, Russia; kamil.i.saytkulov@gsk.com


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