Changes in the epidemic situation of drug addiction and viral hepatitides in Moscow and the Russian Federation over time (1999–2017)


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2019.9.3.6-14

Asratyan A.A., Solovyev D.V., Smirnova O.A., Novikova Yu.B., Rusakova E.V., Semenenko T.A.

1) Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2) I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3) Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
Objective. To analyse changes in the manifestations of the epidemic process of drug addiction and hepatitis B and C in the Russian Federation and Moscow in the period 1999-2017.
Materials and methods. The incidence of hepatitis B (HB) and C (HC) and drug addiction was retrospectively analyzed among the population of Moscow and the Russian Federation according to the forms of federal and regional statistical monitoring. The findings were statistically processed.
Results and discussion. The population of Moscow and the Russian Federation was found to tend to have a higher incidence of drug addiction; there was a sharp decrease in the newly detected cases of drug addiction. Among the drug addicts, adults prevailed, there was a male majority. In the Russian Federation, the structure of used drugs in patients diagnosed with drug addiction changed: the proportion of opioid-addicted people decreased 1.3-fold; that of multiple drug addicts increased from 5.1 to 26.1%; the proportion of psychostimulant abusers rose 1.2-fold. There was a similar pattern in newly diagnosed addicts. A strong direct correlation was established between the newly detected cases of drug addiction and the incidence of acute HB and HC in Moscow and the Russian Federation. Parenteral injection (intravenous drug use) and sexual intercourse in patients diagnosed with drug addiction remained the leading modes of transmission of HB and HC pathogens. The higher incidence of drug addiction is influenced by a surge in immigration in the Russian Federation and aggravation of the socioeconomic situation in the country.
Conclusion. The effective fight against drug addiction in both Moscow and the whole country has a positive effect on the incidence of acute HB and HC and is inextricably linked to the major transmission routes of infection. Significant changes were found in the structure of used drugs: opium and multiple drug abuses are leading. Parenteral injection and sexual intercourse remain the leading routes of transmission of HB and HC pathogens. The unfavorable socioeconomic situation and the high level of migration substantially affect the increased incidence of drug addiction in the population of the Russian Federation.
Keywords: parenterally transmitted hepatitis B and C, drug addiction, epidemic situation, drugs, incidence
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About the Autors

Prof. Аrpik A. Asratyan, MD, Leading Researcher, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Professor, Department of Epidemiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: zasratyan@yahoo.com; ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1288-7561
Dmitry V. Solovуev, Cand. Med. Sci., Head, Antiepidemic Department, Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia; е-mail: dv_soloviev@list.ru; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2133-3475
Olga A. Smirnova, Epidemiologist, Antiepidemic Department, Centre of Hygiene and Epidemiology in the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia; е-mail: incandessence19@rambler.ru; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3058-6538
Yuliya B. Novikova, Cand. Med. Sci., Head, Department of Planning of Preventive Vaccinations, Organization of Immunoprophylaxis and Provision of Immunobiologicals, Health Facilities, Moscow Healthcare Department in the Troitsk and Novomoskovsk Administrative District; Center of Medical Prevention, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; е-mail: jul-prohor@yandex.ru
Prof. Ekaterina V. Rusakova, MD, Leading Researcher, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: rusakovaev5@yandex.ru
Prof. Tatiana A. Semenenko, MD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Head, Department of Epidemiology, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Professor, Department of Epidemiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: semenenko@gamaleya.org; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011


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