Investigation of the efficacy and inhalation toxicity of an air disinfectant in the human breathing zone for the nonspecific prevention of airborne infections


Scopin A.Yu., Fedorova L.S., Vinogradov D.L., Karaduleva E.V., Goncharov R.G., Kochkina A.V., Gordeeva A.E., Evdokimov V.A., Razzhivin R.V., Novoselov V.I.

1 Research Institute of Disinfectology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare, Moscow, Russia; 2 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia 3 Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia;
Objective – to determine the efficacy and inhalation toxicity of the chlorine dioxide (CD) generator Barrier Reef used as a personal air disinfectant to inactivate the pathogens of airborne infections. The investigations conducted at the Research Institute of Influenza, Ministry of Health of Russia (Saint Petersburg), showed that the CD generator had high virucidal activity against influenza virus; when CD was used at low, low-toxic concentrations, the virus titer in the air samples was reduced by 90% at 1–3 min, by 97% at 3–5 min, and by 99% at 10–12 min. The agent was effective at least 30 days. The inhalation toxicity of CD was investigated in the experiments using the rats that were kept in an atmosphere of CD for a certain time. Then the structure of the trachea and lungs was histologically determined; the degree of oxidative stress was estimated from the tissue level of malonic aldehyde and the changes in the gene expression of all classes of antioxidant enzymes (a total of 15 different enzymes). The structure of the tracheal and lung epithelium was ascertained to be completely preserved; in this case, there were no increases in apoptotic cell death in both tissues or in lipid peroxidation in lung tissue. The enhanced protection of tracheal and lung epithelial cells against the highly toxic reactive oxygen species generated in the tissues is associated with the activation of gene expression of antioxidant enzymes in the epithelium, which is observed within the first hours after action of CD. The results of the investigations allow the air disinfectant Barrier Reef to be recommended for the prevention of airborne infections.
Keywords: upper airway, airborne infections, chlorine dioxide, prevention
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About the Autors

For correspondence:
Prof. Vladimir I. Novoselov, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Principal Researcher, Institute of Cell Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Address: 3, Institutskaya St., Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
Telephone: +7(496773)-05-61
Е-mail: novoselov-vi@rambler.ru
Information about the authors:
Anton Yu. Scopin, Cand. Med. Sci.; Leading Researcher, Research Institute of Disinfectology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare; Teacher, Department of Hygiene, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; e-mail: info@niid.ru
Prof. Lyudmila S. Fedorova, MD; Head, Laboratory of Disinfection Problems, Research Institute of Disinfectology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare; Professor, Department of Disinfectology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; e-mail: fedorovals@niid.ru
Dmitry L. Vinogradov, Cand. Med. Sci.; Associate Professor, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia; e-mail: Wind007@mail.
Elena V. Karaduleva, Cand. Biol. Sci.; Researcher, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: e.v.karaduleva@gmail.com
Ruslan G. Goncharov, Postgraduate Student, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: ruslangoncharov071@gmail.com
Angelina V. Kochkina, Postgraduate Student, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: lina9191@bk.ru
Alina E. Gordeeva, Cand. Biol. Sci.; Researcher, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: gordeeva1310@yandex.ru
Vyacheslav A. Evdokimov, Cand. Biol. Sci.; Researcher, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: evdokimov@mail.ru
Roman V. Razzhavin, Cand. Pharm. Sci.; Scientific Consultant, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia; e-mail: biomma@mail.ru


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