Experience of independent collection of biological samples at the first stage of screening for HPV-associated diseases in HIV-infected women in Eastern Europe and Central Asia


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2025.15.4.46-53

Popova A.A., Domonova E.A., Prilepskaya D.R., Romanyuk T.N., Shegai M.M., Rzaeva A.M., Babazade S.E., Gasich E.L., Lohinava О.P., Sergienko S.V., Toytukova M.M., Bekbolotov A.A., Zhaanbaeva Zh.B., Narmatova E.B., Samarina A.V., Shamayeva N.S., Yokubov I.R., Mayer Yu.I., Konareva I.G.

1) Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; 2) Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3) N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; 4) Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan; 5) Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Minsk, Republic of Belarus; 6) Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Republic of Belarus; 7) Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology, and Public Health, Minsk, Republic of Belarus; 8) Republican Center for Control of Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; 9) Bishkek City Center for Control of Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and HIV, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; 10) Osh Regional Center for Control of Blood-Borne Viral Hepatitis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Osh, Kyrgyz Republic; 11) Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia; 12) Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, St. Petersburg, Russia; 13) Republican Center for the HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan; 14) Surgut State University, Surgut, Russia; 15) Surgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Surgut, Russia
In Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA), given the lack of widespread human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, timely screening is the mainstay of HPV-associated disease prevention in women. A progressive approach is the introduction of self-sampling for HPV testing, which maximizes screening coverage while reducing costs in this region.
Objective. Evaluation of the effectiveness of using an individual kit for self-sampling of vaginal and anal discharge during HPV testing at the first stage of screening for precancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and anal canal in HIV-infected women in EECA.
Materials and method. The study involved 1,200 women from five Eastern European Central Asian countries (the Russian Federation, the Republic of Azerbaijan, the Republic of Belarus, the Kyrgyz Republic, and the Republic of Tajikistan). Samples of cervical and anal swabs, vaginal mucosal secretions collected by medical personnel, and vaginal and anal mucosal secretions collected by patients themselves were analyzed. The ease of use of the individual sample collection kit was assessed using a questionnaire. Real-time PCR was used to detect HPV DNA.
Results. Data obtained from self-collection of biological material by patients were comparable to those obtained from collection by a medical professional. The questionnaire demonstrated that the sample collection kit was easy and convenient to use, and the instructions were clear. An assessment of personal preferences for choosing the method of sample collection revealed that only 11% of HIV-positive respondents would prefer a traditional doctor’s visit in the future.
Conclusion. No significant difference was found between the methods of collecting biological material for HPV testing (p > 0.05). Using self-collection of biological material will significantly increase the coverage of HIV-infected women for screening for precancerous lesions of the cervix, vagina, and anal canal.
Keywords: vaginal cancer, anal cancer, HPV testing, cervical cancer, human papillomavirus, HIV infection
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About the Autors

Anna A. Popova, Cand. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher, , Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Moscow, Russia; asya-med@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-5917
Elvira A. Domonova, Cand. Boil. Sci., Head, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology of Opportunistic Infections, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; еlvira.domonova@pcr.ms; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-3938
Diana R. Prilepskaya, Researcher, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; prilepskaya.d@cmd.su; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9305-4299
Tatyana N. Romanyuk, Biologist, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Surveillance of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia. tatiana.romaniuk@pcr.ms; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1952-907X
Marina M. Shegai, МD., Leading Researcher, Department of Public Health Research, Advisor to the Director, N.A. Semashko National Research Institute of Public Health, Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia; mshegai@yandex.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4054-1998
Adela M. Rzayeva, Head, Admission Department, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan; rzayeva.adela@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1697-5630
Sabina Babazade, Deputy Director, Republican AIDS Center, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan, .Baku, Republic of Azerbaijan; sabina.babazade_aids@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8470-2410
Elena L. Gasich, ВD, Associate Professor, Head, Laboratory for the Diagnosis of HIV and Co-infections,, Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health; Minsk, Republic of Belarus; elena.gasich@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3662-3045
Volha P. Lohinava, Doctor of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Laboratory of Cellular Technologies, Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Radiation Medicine and Human Ecology, Gomel, Republic of Belarus; gal301@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7189-3799
Svetlana V. Sergeenko, Epidemiologist, Department of HIV Infection Prevention, Republican Center for Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Minsk, Republic of Belarus; svetlana-s.v@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2600-9760
Molmol M. Toitukova, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Republican Center for Control of Hemocontact Viral Hepatitis and HIV, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; molmol7777@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9580-4200
Aibek A. Bekbolotov, deputy director, Republican Center for Control of Hemocontact Viral Hepatitis and HIV, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; aibek_0001@mail.ru
Zhanyl B. Zhaanbaeva, Obstetrician-Gynaecologist, Bishkek Сity Center for Control of Hemocontact Viral Hepatitis and HIV, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic; doctorjaanbaeva@yandex.ru
Elmira B. Narmatova, Director, Osh Regional Center for Control of Hemocontact Viral Hepatitis and HIV, Osh , Kyrgyz Republic; elmira.narmatova@yandex.ru
Anna V. Samarina, МD, Associate Professor; Professor, Department of Socially Significant Infections and Phthisiopulmonology, Academician I.P. Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Head, Department of Maternity and Childhood, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia; avsamarina@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1438-2399
Natalia S. Shamaeva, Obstetrician-Gynaecologist, Department of Motherhood and Childhood, Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases, Saint Petersburg, Russia; nataljklokova@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0009-0005-0565-1464
Izzatullo R. Yoqubov, Doctor of the Highest Qualification Category, Honored Worker of Health Care of the Republic of Tajikistan; Head, Monitoring and Evaluation Department, Republican Center for HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe, Republic of Tajikistan; yavan.ses@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9245-3515
Yuliya I. Mayer, Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Surgut State University; Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Surgut District Clinical Center for Maternal and Child Health, Surgut, Russia; calm332@mail.ru; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5256-4961
Irina G. Konareva, Obstetrician-Gynecologist, Head, Consultative and Diagnostic Department,, Surgut District Clinical Center of Maternity and Childhood, Surgut, Russia; i.konareva@bk.ru

Вклад авторов. Попова А.А. – концепция и дизайна исследования, статистическая обработка данных, написание текста; Домонова Э.А. – концепция и дизайна исследования, редактирование текста; Романюк Т.Н., Прилепская Д.Р. – обработка биологического материала; Рзаева А.М., Бабазаде С.Э., Гасич Е.Л., Логинова О.П., Сергиенко С.В., Тойтукова М.М., Бекбо­­лотов А.А., Жаанбаева Ж.Б., Нарматова Э.Б., Сама­рина А.В., Шамаева Н.С., Ёкубов И.Р., Майер Ю.И., Конарева И.Г., Шегай М.М. – сбор биологического материала, проведение анкетирования.
Authors contribution. Popova A.A. – study concept and design, statistical analysis, text writing; Domonova E.A. – study concept and design, text editing; Romanyuk T.N., Prilepskaya D.R. – processing of biological material; Rzaeva A.M., Babazade S.E., Gasich E.L., Loginova O.P., Sergienko S.V., Toytukova M.M., Bekbolotov A.A., Zhaanba­eva Zh.B., Narmatova E.B., Samarina A.V., Shamaeva N.S., Yokubov I.R., Mayer Yu.I., Konareva I.G., Shegai M.M. – collection of biological material, conducting questionnaires


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