Русский
Features of nervous system damage in children with HIV infection
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2025.15.3.48-54
Minin A.V., Afonina L.Yu., Palchik A.B., Fomina M. Yu., Komarova G.V., Pereskokov I.V., Voronin E.E., Rosenberg V.Ya.
1) Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; 2) St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; 3) I.I. Mechnikov North-West State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia
Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination of 314 children under 18 years of age with HIV infection including a somatoneurological examination, neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, electroencephalography (EEG), viral load and immune status testing, as well as treatment of neurological disorders was conducted.
Results. The overall frequency of neurological disorders was 79.4%; muscle hypotonia (79%), speech disorders (55%), general cerebral disorders (44%) were dominant ones. The frequency of cognitive impairment was 73.9% with a predominance of attention (62%) and memory (43%) disorders. Social adaptation disorders were detected in 46% of children. Neuroimaging revealed HIV-specific changes in 51% of children. Changes in EEG were noted in 76% of children. HIV encephalopathy was diagnosed in 61% of children. Statistical relationships between the changes detected by MRI of the brain and latent paresis detected during neurological examination were found.
Conclusion. Despite effective ART, neurological pathology and cognitive impairment remain common HIV-associated manifestations in children, which, in the absence of timely diagnosis and treatment/correction, leads to an unfavorable outcome of the disease.
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About the Autors
Aleksey V. Minin, Cand.. Med. Sci., Neurologist, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Neonatology with Courses in Neurology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education and Additional Professional Education, Saint Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia Saint Petersburg, Russia; aleksey_minin@mail.ru: http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7560-9214
Larisa Yu. Afonina, Cand.. Med. Sci., Senior Researcher, Department of Scientific and Methodological Work and Medical and Social Assistance, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for the Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; alarissa-ridh@rambler.ru; http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6151-3096
Aleksandr B. Palchik, MD, Professor, Department of Neonatology with Courses in Neurology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education and Additional Professional Education, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; xander57@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9073-1445
Maria Yu. Fomina, MD, Professor, Department of Neonatology with Courses in Neurology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Postgraduate Education and Additional Professional Education, St. Petersburg Pediatric Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Neurologist, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; myfomina@mail.ru: http://orcid.org/0009-0002-0537-0660
Galina V. Komarova, Neurologist, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia. Saint Petersburg, Russia; ochkas.galina@yandex.ru: http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6699-7374
Ilya V. Pereskokov. Functional Diagnostics Specialist, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia; 9r1zv0ld@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0009-0000-7079-9776
Evgeny E. Voronin, MD, Chief Pediatric HIV Specialist of the Ministry of Health of the Russia; Head, Department of Scientific and Methodological Work and Medical and Social Assistance, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia; Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; evevvoronin@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7547-6407
Vladimir Ya. Rosenberg, Cand.. Med. Sci., Chief Physician, Republican Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital – Scientific and Practical Center for Prevention and Treatment of HIV Infection in Pregnant Women and Children, Ministry of Health of the Russia, St. Petersburg, Russia; rovlad@inbox.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4966-9691
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