Features of gastrointestinal tract microbiocenosis in patients with HIV infection


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2021.11.1.77-83

Popova D.M., Voznesensky S.L., Petrova E.V., Soboleva Z.A.

1) Peoples Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2) Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital Two, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
The importance of the intestinal microflora for human health has long been proven in many studies. Gut bacteria not only help digest foods, but are also involved in metabolic regulation as a whole, actively cooperate with the immune system, and support the body in the fight against bacterial and viral infections. From 500 to 1000 species of bacteria live in different parts of the human gastrointestinal tract. The total number of microbial cells in the adult gut microbiota was ascertained to average 1014 CFU/g, which was 10 times higher than that in the organism itself, and, in terms of the number of total genes, it exceeds the coding capacity of the human genome and accounts for more than three million genes. The gut microbiota performs a number of the most important functions: protective, metabolic, and trophic (structural) ones. HIV infection destructively affects the physiological interaction between the opportunistic microflora and the immune system. Impairments in the immunological and epithelial barriers lead to enteropathy, malabsorption syndrome, bacterial translocation, and intestinal infections. Prolonged bacterial translocation in the serum of HIV-infected patients can result in a systemic inflammatory response, which in turn can lead to disease progression and immune depletion. The review presents an update on the human microbiome, its studies, taxonomic composition, and functions. It considers separately the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract lesions in HIV infection and outlines the problems and prospects of studying the microbiome in HIV-infected patients.

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About the Autors


Daria M. Popova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Infectious Diseases with Courses of Epidemiology and Phthisiology, Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia; Infectiologist, Intensive Care Unit for Patients with HIV Infection, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital Two, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; popovad@ikb2.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4056-9192
Sergey L. Voznesensky, Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Department of Infectious Diseases with Courses of Epidemiology and Phthisiology, Medical Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia; voznesenskiy_sl@ pfur.ru; http://orcid. org/0000-0001-5669-1910
Elena V. Petrova, Head, Intensive Care Unit for Patients with HIV Infection, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital Two, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; bolnica2@yandex.ru


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