Clinical and laboratory efficacy of recombinant human interferon-α-2b used as part of the combination therapy of congenital pneumonia in premature babies


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2019.9.4.58-66

Zayachnikova T.E., Tolokolnikova E.V., Krasilnikova A.S., Semenenko T.A., Shuvalov A.N., Malinovskaya V.V.

1) Volgograd State Medical University, Volgograd, Russia; 2) Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Objective. To investigate the efficiency and safety of using recombinant human IFN-α-2b in premature infants with congenital pneumonia (CP).
Subjects and methods. A total of 62 patients born at 29 to 34 weeks’ gestation with CP were examined in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). A study group included 30 newborns who received viferon® (rectal suppositories 150,000 IU) as part of the combination therapy for 10 days. A comparison group consisted of 32 preterm infants having the corresponding gestational age who did not receive the drug. The premature infants underwent a dynamic assessment of their clinical status and disease severity daily for 10 days. The investigators carried out lung X-ray study and laboratory, biochemical, and microbiological monitoring on days 1 and 10 of the investigation. Clinical and laboratory examinations were subsequently made at the age of 1 month in the intensive care unit for newborns and premature babies and at the age of 3 months at the day-care follow-up hospital.
Results. The preterm infants in the study group showed positive changes in clinical and laboratory parameters, including oxygen status (lactate) and neonatal multiple organ dysfunction (NEOMOD) scores (p <0.05). Elimination of the bacterial agents isolated from tracheal aspirates occurred 3 times faster in the study group than that in the comparison group (p < 0.05). The durations of mechanical ventilation, NICU treatment, parenteral nutrition, and antibiotic therapy were significantly shorter in the babies of the study group than in those in the comparison group (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The investigation provided evidence for the efficiency and safety of using recombinant human IFN-α-2b as part of the combination treatment of CP in premature newborns. There was a statistically significant decrease in the isolation of microbial pathogens from tracheal aspirates in the study group on day 10 after the start of combination therapy unlike in the comparison group. Elimination of the isolated microbial pathogen occurred 3 times faster in the study group than that in the comparison group. The durations of mechanical ventilation, NICU treatment, parenteral nutrition, and antibiotic therapy were significantly shorter in the infants of the study group than in those of the comparison group (p < 0.05).
Keywords: neonatal intensive care, neonatal multiple organ dysfunction scale, recombinant human interferon-α2b, congenital pneumonia, premature infants
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About the Autors

Tatiana E. Zayachnikova, Cand. Med. Sci., Associate Professor, Head, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Training, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia; e-mail: pedneonatalfuv@mail.ru, guz5deti@mail.ru.
Ekaterina V. Tolokolnikova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Training, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia; e-mail: ppeva73@yandex.ru; ORCID: https://orcid. org/0000-0002-8692-6300.
Anastasia S. Krasilnikova, Postgraduate Student, Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Training, Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia, Volgograd, Russia; e-mail: guz5opnd1@mail.ru; ORCID: https://orcid. org/0000-0002-4182-4255.
Prof. Tatiana A. Semenenko, MD, Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Head, Department of Epidemiology, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia; Professor, Department of Epidemiology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: semenenko@gamaleya.org; ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6686-9011
Shuvalov Alexander Nikolaevich, Cand. Med. Sci, Research, Laboratory of Ontogenesis and Correction of the Interferon System, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; e-mail: shuvalovan33@mail.ru; ORCID: 0000-0003-0972-9001
Prof. Malinovskaya Valentina Vasilievna, ВD, Head, Laboratory of Ontogenesis and Correction of the Interferon System, Honored Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; mail: info@viferon.su; ORCID: 0000-0003-1856-8924

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