Русский
Modern approaches to the prevention of varicella in newborns at risk of perinatal infection
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2024.14.4.47-54
Koltsova I.V., Domonova E.A., Silveystrova O.Yu., Kisteneva L.B., Lyalina E.V.
1) N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; 2) Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; 3) Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital № 2, Moscow Healthсфку Department, Moscow, Russia
Materials and methods. The study included 27 pregnant and postpartum women with varicella, 18 newborns born to mothers with confirmed varicella. In venous/umbilical cord blood samples, specific antibodies (Ig) of M and G classes to antigens of human herpes virus type 3 (HHV-3) were determined by ELISA and quantitative determination of HHV-3 DNA by RT-PCR. HHV-3 DNA in a smear sample from the oropharyngeal mucosa of newborns was also determined by RT-PCR. An examination of 27 pregnant and postpartum women and 18 newborns was conducted at the time of birth. All newborns were followed-up.
Results. Specific anti-HHV-3 IgM and IgG in pregnant and postpartum women were determined by the 6th–7th day of the disease. Transplacental transmission of IgG occurred by the 9th day of the mother’s illness. Of the 29 newborns, 1 was diagnosed with neonatal varicella, and 2 with postnatal varicella. Mothers of all newborns with varicella were not prescribed antiviral therapy with acyclovir in a timely manner. Anti-HHV-3 IgM was detected in a child born on the 17th day of the mother’s illness, which allowed diagnosing an asymptomatic form of variella. HHV-3 DNA was detected in a smear sample from the oropharyngeal mucosa at birth in 5 of 13 healthy children born through the natural birth canal. This group of newborns was breastfed from the 3rd day of life and received normal human immunoglobulin (NHI) for intravenous administration for prophylactic purposes.
Conclusion. The importance of antiviral therapy for pregnant women with varicella, the administration of NHI to newborns, and the advisability of breastfeeding in order to enhance passive immunity were determined.
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About the Autors
Irina V. Koltsova, Junior Researcher, Laboratory of Chronic Viral Infections, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology Division, Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; Irinfms@mail.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2339-2804
El’vira A. Domonova, Cand. Biol. Sci., Head, Research Group of Development of New Diagnostic Methods of Opportunistic and Papillomaviral Infections, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wel-Being, Moscow, Russia; elvira.domonova@pcr.ms; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8262-3938
Olga Yu. Silveistrova, Researcher, Department of Molecular Diagnostics and Epidemiology, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wel-Being, Moscow, Russia; olga.silveystrova@pcr.ms; http://orcid.org/ 0000-0001-8412-9765
Lidiya B. Kisteneva, MD, Head, Laboratory of Chronic Viral Infections, D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology Division, Honorary Academician N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; lidia.kisteneva@gmail.com; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7336-409X
Elena V. Lyalina, Deputy Chief Physician for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital № 2, Department of Health of the Сity of Mosco, ,Moscow, Russia; LyalinaEV@zdrav.mos.ru; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6459-7844
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