Current trends in the development of the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia and their relationship with upper respiratory tract infections


DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/epidem.2024.14.2.13-20

Linok A.P., Kulikova M.M., Solomay T.V., Linok A.V., Semenenko A.V., Nikitina G.Yu.

1) Interregional Directorate №. 1, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2) OOO Vega-M, Sergiev Posad, Russia; 3) Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being, Moscow, Russia; 4) I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia; 5) I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University). Moscow, Russia; 6) N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; 7) S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia
Despite significant progress in studying the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), up to 50% of disease cases remain undeciphered, which determines the difficulties in assessing the epidemic situation, developing and implementing a set of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.
Objective. Identification of trends in the development of the epidemic process of CAP and assessment of their connection with the incidence of influenza, ARVI, COVID-19, infectious mononucleosis in the Russian Federation in 2011–2023.
Materials and methods. Based on the data of form No 2 Information on infectious and parasitic diseases», a retrospective epidemiological analysis of the incidence of the studied infections was carried out, the etiological structure of CAP was studied, the relationship between the incidence of influenza, ARVI, COVID-19, infectious mononucleosis and CAP was assessed
Results. A feature of the epidemic process of CAP has been a change in morbidity trends and etiological structure. A direct strong correlation has been identified between the incidence of CAP and ARVI, COVID-19, and infectious mononucleosis in different age groups of the population.
Conclusion. The course of the epidemic process of CAP significantly depends on the prevailing circulation of pathogens of a viral and bacterial nature. At the same time, the morbidity of the adult population is largely determined by viruses of the respiratory group of infections. For children, the bacterial nature of the process is most characteristic, as well as the etiological association of bacteria and viruses (primarily the Epstein–Barr virus), which have a long-term suppressive effect on the immune system.

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About the Autors


Anastasia P. Linok, Deputy Head, Interregional Directorate №. 1, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 8868653@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4584-7336
Marina M. Kulikova, Pediatrician, OOO Vega-M, Sergiev Posad, Russia; seaweav@rambler.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4237-3716
Tatiana V. Solomay, Cand. Med. Sci,, Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Infections Associated with the Provision of Medical Care, Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Russian Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-Being; Senior Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases, I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia; solomay@rambler.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7040-7653
Andrey V. Linok, Cand. Med. Sci,, Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Modern Vaccination Technologies, Institute of Professional Education, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia (Sechenov University); Researcher, Laboratory of Epidemiological Analysis and Monitoring of Infectious Diseases,. I.I. Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums, Moscow, Russia; linok_a_v@staff.sechenov.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-8560
Anatoly V. Semenenko, Cand. Tech. Sci., Senior Researcher, Department of Epidemiology, N.F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia; centronix@gmail.com; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7027-3547
Galina Yu. Nikitina, Cand. Med. Sci,, Epidemiologist of the Highest Qualification Category, Deputy Chief Physician for Sanitary-Epidemiological Issues and Infectious Morbidity, S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia; zambotk@botkinmoscow.ru; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0804-8896


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